Unique achondrite Northwest Africa 11042: Exploring the melting and breakup of the L chondrite parent body     

Zoltn Vci  Carl B. Agee  Munir Humayun  Karen Ziegler  Yemane Asmerom  Victor Polyak  Henner Busemann  Daniela Krietsch  Matthew Heizler  Matthew E. Sanborn  Qing‐Zhu Yin 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2020,55(3):622-648

Northwest Africa (NWA) 11042 is a heavily shocked achondrite with medium‐grained cumulate textures. Its olivine and pyroxene compositions, oxygen isotopic composition, and chromium isotopic composition are consistent with L chondrites. Sm‐Nd dating of its primary phases shows a crystallization age of 4100 ± 160 Ma. Ar‐Ar dating of its shocked mineral maskelynite reveals an age of 484.0 ± 1.5 Ma. This age coincides roughly with the breakup event of the L chondrite parent body evident in the shock ages of many L chondrites and the terrestrial record of fossil L chondritic chromite. NWA 11042 shows large depletions in siderophile elements (<0.01×CI) suggestive of a complex igneous history involving extraction of a Fe‐Ni‐S liquid on the L chondrite parent body. Due to its relatively young crystallization age, the heat source for such an igneous process is most likely impact. Because its mineralogy, petrology, and O isotopes are similar to the ungrouped achondrite NWA 4284 (this work), the two meteorites are likely paired and derived from the same parent body.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Relationships between intensity of the Kuroshio current in the East China Sea and the East Asian winter monsoon     

Ming Yin  Xin Li  Ziniu Xiao  Chongyin Li 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(9):119-119

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胶州湾沉积物中石油降解菌的降解能力及多样性研究     

高伟  高祥兴  米铁柱  韩彬  张毅然  李馨子  尹晓斐  孙承君  李倩  崔志松  栾晓  于志刚  郑立 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(6):54-64

2013年青岛输油管道爆炸，大量石油污染了附近海岸。课题组采集了污染的沉积物样品，以原油为唯一碳源和能源，富集了四个石油降解菌群。生物多样性和群落分析表明，Luteibacter、Parvibaculum 和属于食烷菌科的一个属是降解菌群的主要优势菌，都属于变形菌门。从石油降解菌群中分离筛选，获得了9株具有不同16S rRNA基因序列的降解菌，分别属于8个属。重量法测定降解菌的石油降解率，其中5株的石油降解率大于30%。GC-MS分析结果表明，石油降解菌多倾向于降解烷烃，对多环芳烃的降解能力较差，其中5株细菌的烷烃降解率较大，仅1株菌D2对多环芳烃的降解率较大，其降解率在34.9%到77.5%。通过对高通量数据的分析，表明食烷菌属是菌群A和菌群E的主要降解菌群，其中筛选获得的菌株E4可能是菌群E的一株优势降解菌。本研究所筛选菌株证明了其石油降解潜力，为油污染海滩生物修复提供了菌株资源。  相似文献   

A method for the extraction of partition lines from long and narrow patches that account for structural features     

Chengming Li  Zhaoxin Dai  Yong Yin  Pengda Wu 《Transactions in GIS》2019,23(2):349-364

The extraction of partition lines for long and narrow patches (LN patches) is an important yet difficult problem in the generalization of thematic data. When current methods are used to process polygons with irregular shapes or complex branch convergence zones, the extracted line structural features tend to be inaccurate and topologically erroneous. In this article, we propose an improved partition lines extraction algorithm of constrained Delaunay triangulation to counter these issues. The proposed method aims to maintain consistency between the extracted line structure characteristics and the actual object structure, especially for complex branch convergence zones. First, we describe three types of aggregation patterns (Type A, B, and C aggregation zones) that occur in partition line extractions for LN patches of complex branch convergence zones using Delaunay triangulation. Then, a partition line extraction algorithm that accounts for the direction between the edges of triangles and the distance of nodes in aggregation zones is proposed. Finally, we test our method for a dataset relating to Guizhou Province, China. Compared with the current method that uses quantitative indicators and visualization, the results indicate that our method not only has applicability for simple situations but also is superior for preserving structural features of complex branch convergence zones.  相似文献   

Long‐term streamflow trends in Hawai'i and implications for native stream fauna     

Hannah M. Clilverd  Yin‐Phan Tsang  Dana M. Infante  Abigail J. Lynch  Ayron M. Strauch 《水文研究》2019,33(5):699-719

Climate change has fundamentally altered the water cycle in tropical islands, which is a critical driver of freshwater ecosystems. To examine how changes in streamflow regime have impacted habitat quality for native migratory aquatic species, we present a 50‐year (1967–2016) analysis of hydrologic records in 23 unregulated streams across the five largest Hawaiian Islands. For each stream, flow was separated into direct run‐off and baseflow and high‐ and low‐flow statistics (i.e., Q10 and Q90) with ecologically important hydrologic indices (e.g., frequency of flooding and low flow duration) derived. Using Mann–Kendall tests with a running trend analysis, we determined the persistence of streamflow trends through time. We analysed native stream fauna from ~400 sites, sampled from 1992 to 2007, to assess species richness among islands and streams. Declines in streamflow metrics indicated a general drying across the islands. In particular, significant declines in low flow conditions (baseflows), were experienced in 57% of streams, compared with a significant decline in storm flow conditions for 22% of streams. The running trend analysis indicated that many of the significant downward trends were not persistent through time but were only significant if recent decades (1987–2016) were included, with an average decline in baseflow and run‐off of 10.90% and 8.28% per decade, respectively. Streams that supported higher native species diversity were associated with moderate discharge and baseflow index, short duration of low flows, and negligible downward trends in flow. A significant decline in dry season flows (May–October) has led to an increase in the number of no‐flow days in drier areas, indicating that more streams may become intermittent, which has important implications for mauka to makai (mountain to ocean) hydrological connectivity and management of Hawai'i's native migratory freshwater fauna.  相似文献   

Enhancement of backtracking search algorithm for identifying soil parameters     

Yin-Fu Jin  Zhen-Yu Yin 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(9):1239-1261

In this paper, an enhanced backtracking search algorithm (so-called MBSA-LS) for parameter identification is proposed with two modifications: (a) modifying the mutation of original backtracking search algorithm (BSA) considering the contribution of current best individual for accelerating convergence speed and (b) novelly incorporating an efficient differential evolution (DE) as local search for improving the quality of population. The proposed MBSA-LS is first validated with better performance than the original BSA and some other typical state-of-the-art optimization algorithms on a benchmark of soil parameter identification in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness. Then, the efficiency of the MBSA-LS is further illustrated by two representative cases: identifying soil parameters from both laboratory tests and field measurements. All comparisons demonstrate that the proposed MBSA-LS algorithm can give accurate results in a short time. Finally, to conveniently solve the problems of parameter identification, a practical tool ErosOpt for parameter identification is developed by integrating the proposed MBSA-LS and some other efficient algorithms for readers to conduct the parameter identification using optimisation algorithms.  相似文献   

Groundwater recharge in an arid grassland as indicated by soil chloride profile and multiple tracers          下载免费PDF全文

Tianming Huang  Zhonghe Pang  Jilai Liu  Lihe Yin  W. Mike Edmunds 《水文研究》2017,31(5):1047-1057

Previous studies have shown that shallow groundwater in arid regions is often not in equilibrium with near‐surface boundary conditions due to human activities and climate change. This is especially the case where the unsaturated zone is thick and recharge rate is limited. Under this nonequilibrium condition, the unsaturated zone solute profile plays an important role in estimating recent diffuse recharge in arid environments. This paper combines evaluation of the thick unsaturated zone with the saturated zone to investigate the groundwater recharge of a grassland in the arid western Ordos Basin, NW China, using the soil chloride profiles and multiple tracers (²H, ¹⁸O, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, and water chemistry) of groundwater. Whereas conventional water balance and Darcy flux measurements usually involve large errors in recharge estimations for arid areas, chloride mass balance has been widely and generally successfully used. The results show that the present diffuse recharge beneath the grassland is 0.11–0.32 mm/year, based on the chloride mass balance of seven soil profiles. The chloride accumulation age is approximately 2,500 years at a depth of 13 m in the unsaturated zone. The average Cl content in soil moisture in the upper 13 m of the unsaturated zone ranges from 2,842 to 7,856 mg/L, whereas the shallow groundwater Cl content ranges from 95 to 351 mg/L. The corrected ¹⁴C age of shallow groundwater ranges from 4,327 to 29,708 years. Stable isotopes show that the shallow groundwater is unrelated to modern precipitation. The shallow groundwater was recharged during the cold and wet phases of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene humid phase based on palaeoclimate, and consequently, the groundwater resources are nonrenewable. Due to the limited recharge rate and thick unsaturated zone, the present shallow groundwater has not been in hydraulic equilibrium with near‐surface boundary conditions in the past 2,500 years.  相似文献   

Analytical method of radiation by a wave energy device with dual rectangular floating bodies     

WANG Wensheng  YOU Yage  ZHANG Yunqiu  WU Bijun  YE Yin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(3):106-115

The system with one floating rectangular body on the free surface and one submerged rectangular body has been applied to a wave energy conversion device in water of finite depth. The radiation problem by this device on a plane incident wave is solved by the use of an eigenfunction expansion method, and a new analytical expression for the radiation velocity potential is obtained. The wave excitation force is calculated via the known incident wave potential and the radiation potential with a theorem of Haskind employed. To verify the correctness of this method, an example is computed respectively through the bound element method and analytical method. Results show that two numerical methods. are in good agreement, which shows that the present method is applicable. In addition, the trends of hydrodynamic coefficients and wave force are analyzed under different conditions by use of the present analytical method.  相似文献   

基于等高线隔断线确定DEM适宜分辨率的方法研究     

程德强  高春留  赵牡丹 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(3):306-312

分辨率是等高线数据插值生成格网DEM数据过程中需要考虑的一个重要参数,适宜的分辨率既能将等高线高程信息尽可能保留,又不会因插值造成数据冗余及误差。基于对格网DEM生成方式的理解,提出了等高线隔断线的相关概念,分析了基于地形图矢量化的等高线数据插值生成格网DEM数据,由不同长度等高线隔断线频率统计来确定格网适宜分辨率参考值的方法。同时,不同长度等高线隔断线的长度与其频率相乘得到标准长度,以及等高线隔断线中心点生成的密度分析图,均可在频率特征决定适宜分辨率参考值时起到一定的参考作用。通过样区实验验证,实现简便,可度量性强,与其他相关研究具有一致性,对确定适宜格网分辨率参考值具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Improved hurricane forecasting from a variational bogus and ozone data assimilation (BODA) scheme: case study     

Yin Liu  Wei Zhang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2016,128(6):715-732

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